نشریه راهبرد توسعه
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، زمستان 1392)

Subsidies payment is a supportive government policy to secure social and economic sectors of the community. On the consumer’s side, the main purpose of subsidies payment is to improve distribution of income across population deciles and household welfare enhancement by increasing access to goods and services. On the producer’s side, subsidies are being paid for better allocation of resources and reduction of production costs. The important issue, is that whether fiscal policies including subsidies payment could positively change the income distribution status of the society? For this purpose, the study was to investigate the performance of commodity subsidies on income distribution in Kurdistan province of Iran, using time series data of household’s income deciles of the province for the years 1983 -2010. To analyse the data, the ordinary least squares method (OLS) was used to estimate the proposed model. The results show that three variables including basic commoditie’s subsidize, employment rate and direct taxes have positive and statistically significant effect on income distribution of Kurdistan househollds, while inflation rate and per capita gross product have negative and statistically significant effect on income distribution of the province.

In the current era. theeconomyis base for wealth creat and power, in every country. Even countries that are weak in terms of political and military power, pursut to attain power in economic erena. The Islamic republic of iran has paid attention to thismatter and iran has much plan for achiving economic development but the sanctions always have been the major obstaclesaganist to achiving this goal. Such, the recent sanction imposed bu U.S and Europ Union major part of Iranian's economy has affected.in fact. In addition to the past limitations that in the form of trade relation and foreign investment limitation to used. This time to paralyze Iranian economy, prohibitions were considered on financial – bank relation and oil exports, meantime. The Rentier economic structur and weaknesses and inefficiencies government in predict and decision making on time causes until influence of sanctions on country's economy is multiplied. however, it seems to reduce oil-dependent economy (economic restructing) to improve local capacity and to reduce vulnerability in terms of resistance economy and increase trade agreement can be to sanctions won.

The ability to interpret unplanned and unrelated events is the biggest sing of success to successful managers of present organizations. These abilities are in fact the Strategic thinking in an organization that basically represents a major lack in the organization for achieving excellence and empowerment. Today, regarding complex environmental conditions and extending the technology in organization. It's essential to be managers and leaders with Strategic thinking skills to meet the requirements of domestic and foreign environments and selecting appropriate strategy. A review of research, said the aim of the application. Strategic thinking this paper is that the literature review, key success factors Strategic thinking, Strategic thinking learning model (Casey & Goldman, 2010) and commands the skills be expressed Strategic thinking organizations and companies.

One of the major roles of banking system is allocating financial facilitiesto different production sector across the country. In fact, banks play a crucial role in monetary and financial system. Since bank credits are a great portion of financial allocation resource of the province, soit really works attention to use financial resources properly in order to achieve economicgrowth followed by valued-added and the growth of production and employment. It is the primary goal of this article to evaluateeffects of the network ofbanking credit on economical growth in different sectors of Mazandaran, including: industry and mining sector, agriculture, and services.Coefficients of model are estimated through Panel Data Econometrics Method and the results have been examined and analyzed. The statistical population of this article is based on different sectors of Mazandaran province during the years of 2000 –2009.The results of survey demonstrate the great impact of the credits allocated for economical growth in different sectors of province. These were compatible with our expectations from theories in mind and play important role in growth of employmentand value-added of the province.

Economic freedom index is indicator of the macroeconomic environment and promoting economic freedom index of developmental factors is considered. Several factors, especially the development of information and communication technologies are affecting the economic freedom index. Therefore, this study aims to develop effective mechanisms for information and communication during the period 1980-2010. Access to new technologies and promoting foundation of knowledge components such as ICT, is notable for two major aspects: firstly, given the growing digital divide between countries, develop appropriate strategies to achieve a modern information society is essential. Secondly, information and communication technologies have the potential to develop all aspects of the society. Access to information and communication technology, with approaches such ashelping to make e-government and increase the efficiency of government management, and also help to create a coherent legal framework, full protection of property rights and the promotion of modern methods of electronic banking, provides suitable for the improvement of economic freedom. Results showed that the developed countries in terms of economic freedom index and information and communication technologies to developing countries have the advantage of the situation and can be seen development of ICT has enhanced the economic freedom in developed countries. But due to lack of development of ICT in most of the selected visions countries, the positive impact of ICT on economic freedom index did not experience. Of course Bahrain and UAE somewhat more from other selected visions countries have taken steps in the development of ICT and mutually have a more favorable level of economic freedom.

Technology is ability human for change environment. If change occurs in nature environment, instrumental technology in the field architect or medicine can design and construction subject about the self problem. But in the human science for example politic what is technology? In this article researcher focus on security politic and relation this subject to the change of technology.. The main question is what is impact technology and change it under the security politic. For answer to this question Article is divided three parts. Part one analysis simple technology in the ancient and classic era that produce security politic very relation despotism. Security describe protection system politic and king family. Part two the mechanic technology for example mechanism industrial caused security politic limited to protection civilization that available in the nation state. Part three analysis information technology that shape new politic world. This technology created new field the name is soft and cyber field. Security politic can design and implementation in this new aspect.

The concept of human development to expand the range of choices, opportunities, people empowerment and benefit from the freedom that is conducive to the preservation of human values. Human Development Index is a standard tool for measuring human development. This index is presented in the annual Human Development Report 1990. Human development is a prerequisite for achieving long-term goals such as economic growth, income distribution and employment. In this study, an attempt is made to investigate the effects of economic growth on human development index using PVAR, Impulse Responses and Variance Decomposition for 13 MENA countries from 2000 to 2010. The findings of the study showed that economic growth have positive effects on human development index.